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| \=== Antiquity === | \=== Antiquity === | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| {{See also | History of ancient Lebanon | Phoenicians and wine}} | {{See also | History of ancient Lebanon | Phoenicians and wine}} | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ''[[Vitis vinifera]]'' may have been domesticated in Lebanon, although it probably arrived from the [[South Caucasus]] via [[Mesopotamia]] or the [[Black Sea]] trade routes, and the [[saccharomyces cerevisiae]], the yeast strain crucial to winemaking, may also have originated in Mesopotamia, but a microsatellite-based study also identified a distinct cluster in Lebanon.<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Harutyunyan | first1=Mkrtich | last2=Malfeito-Ferreira | first2=Manuel | title=The Rise of Wine among Ancient Civilizations across the Mediterranean Basin | journal=Heritage | date=2 April 2022 | volume=5 | issue=2 | page=790 | doi=10.3390/heritage5020043 | doi-access=free | hdl=10400.5/24195 | hdl-access=free }}</ref> | ''[[Vitis vinifera]]'' probably arrived to [[Lebanon]] from the [[South Caucasus]] via [[Mesopotamia]] or the [[Black Sea]] trade routes, and the [[saccharomyces cerevisiae]], the yeast strain crucial to winemaking, may also have originated in Mesopotamia, but a microsatellite-based study also identified a distinct cluster in Lebanon.<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Harutyunyan | first1=Mkrtich | last2=Malfeito-Ferreira | first2=Manuel | title=The Rise of Wine among Ancient Civilizations across the Mediterranean Basin | journal=Heritage | date=2 April 2022 | volume=5 | issue=2 | page=790 | doi=10.3390/heritage5020043 | doi-access=free | hdl=10400.5/24195 | hdl-access=free }}</ref> | ||||
| Wine was cultivated and then domesticated in Lebanon, at least two thousand years before [[Alexander the Great]]<ref name="Metcalfe">{{cite news | last1=Metcalfe | first1=Tom | title=2600-year-old wine 'factory' unearthed in Lebanon | url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/2600-year-old-wine-factory-unearthed-lebanon | access-date=7 March 2025 | publisher=National Geographic | date=26 December 2018}}</ref> [[Alexander the Great#The Levant and Syria | conquered the Levant]] in 332 BC.<ref>{{cite book | isbn=978-0-14-044253-3 | author-link=Arrian | last=Arrian | title=Anabasis Alexandri (The Campaigns of Alexander) | editor1-first=Aubrey | editor1-last=de Sélincourt | editor1-link=Aubrey de Sélincourt | year=1976 | publisher=Penguin Books | title-link=Anabasis Alexandri}}</ref> | Wine was cultivated and then domesticated in Lebanon, at least two thousand years before [[Alexander the Great]]<ref name="Metcalfe">{{cite news | last1=Metcalfe | first1=Tom | title=2600-year-old wine 'factory' unearthed in Lebanon | url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/2600-year-old-wine-factory-unearthed-lebanon | access-date=7 March 2025 | publisher=National Geographic | date=26 December 2018}}</ref> [[Alexander the Great#The Levant and Syria | conquered the Levant]] in 332 BC.<ref>{{cite book | isbn=978-0-14-044253-3 | author-link=Arrian | last=Arrian | title=Anabasis Alexandri (The Campaigns of Alexander) | editor1-first=Aubrey | editor1-last=de Sélincourt |
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